What is Glutamine?
Glutamine is one of the non-essential, proteinogenic amino acids and is the most abundant unbound amino acid in the human body. Proteinogenic amino acids are required for protein biosynthesis, which uses our genetic information (DNA) to produce proteins from simple amino acids. In proteins we only find L-glutamineBacterial cell walls and components of some antibiotics and fungal toxins have D-glutamine built in. The nomenclature "L" or "D" (or more recently "R - S") refers to the spatial arrangement of certain atoms in a molecule. Glutamine is synthesized from glutamic acid and ammonia, with production taking place primarily in the muscle cells. In medicine, glutamic acid is often referred to as glutamateThe latter is sometimes used as a food additive (E 620), which is mostly understood as the salts of glutamic acid.
Where does glutamine occur?
The molecule is a central metabolite in the metabolism of all living organisms and occurs in protein-bound as well as in free form in animals, fungi, plants and bacteria. Our muscles consist of about 60% of this amino acid! According to medicine we should between 3 – 6 g glutamine daily Beef, turkey, wheat, spirulina, peanuts, quark, cottage cheese, salmon and milk have a particularly high substance content. Certain life circumstances make additional supplementation necessary. According to medical studies, when used in Endurance sports, intensive short-term exertion, injuries, operations and burns positive results from glutamine supplementation. Therefore, it is not surprising that L-glutamine is an integral part of training and bodybuilding.
What functions does the molecule have in the human body?
Glutamine, which is produced from glutamic acid, is primarily responsible for water retention in the cells and leads to an increase in cell volume during physical exertionThis gives the body a anabolic signal which promotes protein and glycogen formation. Glycogen is the carbohydrate storage form of glucose. Liver and muscles are among the most important storage locations. In addition to the anabolic (muscle-building) effect, the vital substance also has anti-catabolic properties, which counteract the breakdown of muscle tissue during physical exertion. It also improves the body's ability to regenerate during sleep. Glutamine also plays an important role in nerve and intestinal function. It increases the production of the neurotransmitter GABA (γ-aminobutyric acid), which serves as an important inhibitory messenger in the brain. Since glutamine supplies the nitrogen and carbon necessary for cell growth and division, among other things, it strengthens the immune system. For this reason, often used after operations, accidents or chronic illnessesMedical studies show that glutamine improves the healing of burned skin and general skin aging slows downAs an energy supplier, it also nourishes the intestinal mucosa.
In the human body Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) and glutamine in energy metabolism in the mitochondria involved.
Did you know?
The amino acid taurine, which is often mixed as an ingredient in energy drinks, also has a performance-enhancing effect in sports. However, there was a big stir due to another study. In 2023, the researchers were able to prove with the help of an animal experiment thatTaurine extended the life of mice by more than 15%. If you want to know more about this exciting study or the molecule, please read our taurine article through.
Benefits of Glutamine Supplementation
Glutamine is responsible for a variety of metabolic processes and the body's water balance. It is one of the amino acids with the highest plasma concentration. This is influenced by sporting activities. After intensive training, glutamine levels are reduced by up to 30%, whereby the portion contained in the muscle is released first. This can lead to muscle breakdown. Additional supplementation brings clear advantages.
- Prevents muscle loss and increases muscle growth
- Delays muscle fatigue
- Supports physical regeneration
- energy supplier for immune-competent cells
- Regulates the acid-base balance
- Tightens the skin
- Strengthens hair follicles
- Nourishes the stomach and intestinal mucosa
- Counteracts fat storage
impact on longevity
Glutamine is an important amino acid that plays a role in many bodily processes. It is known for its positive effects on the immune system, muscle metabolism and post-workout recovery. These properties could indirectly affect longevity by helping to maintain a healthy body and prevent disease.
Some studies have shown that glutamine can boost the immune system, which is especially important because a strong immune system helps fight off disease and thus increases life expectancy. In addition, the amino acid can support gut health, which is also important for overall health and well-being.
Glutamine's ability to reduce recovery time after exercise could also contribute to longevity. Regular and effective exercise is a key factor in good health and longevity, and glutamine could help achieve this goal.
