N-Acetylcysteine (NAC) is a derivative of the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine. In chemistry, a derivative is a derived substance that has a similar structure. The N-acetylated cysteine is a white crystalline powder that can be easily dissolved in water. It is known for its expectorant and antioxidant effects for respiratory diseases with thick secretion formation. Molecules held together by disulfide bridges are split by N-acetylcysteine. Thick and difficult to dissolve mucus becomes liquid and can therefore be coughed up more easily. N-acetylcysteine is also used to treat poisoning with paracetamol.
What is N-acetylcysteine?
NAC is a direct precursor of glutathione, which is an atypical tripeptide. This is formed from the amino acids glycine, cysteine and glutamic acid. It plays a particularly important role in erythrocytes (red blood cells). NAC increases glutathione levels in the liver and supports detoxification.
Where is N-acetylcysteine found?
The molecule N-acetylcysteine, discovered in 1899 does not occur naturally in our bodies or in our food. As already mentioned, NAC is the immediate precursor of glutathione, which is present in almost all living cells and has a protective function. Stored primarily in the liver, medical studies look at how potentially harmful compounds can be eliminated through medications and also cigarette smoke. The Gluthation level decreases with age. Due to the antioxidant and liver-protecting properties of NAC, it is becoming increasingly popular in the field of bodybuilding, among other things. Since N-acetylcysteine has a synthetic nature, it cannot be consumed directly through food. Cysteine oxidizes quickly and the more stable N-acetylcysteine is usually used for supplementation.
Did you know? NAC is listed on the list of essential medicines of the WHO (World Health Organization).
What functions does N-acetylcysteine have in the human body?
After ingestion,N-acetylcysteine is metabolized to the deacetylated form L-cysteine and further metabolized to glutathione, which is one of the body's most potent antioxidants . Probably the most outstanding function of NAC is its ability to act on different levels of the organism. Health problems can be alleviated, particularly in connection with the respiratory tract. NAC has the ability to reach directly into the brain because it crosses the blood-brain barrier. This prevents potentially toxic molecules from reaching the central nervous system from the bloodstream. It is therefore obvious how effectively NAC can influence the nervous tissue. There are medical studies how mental disorders and substance addictions could be reduced by taking NAC.
As N-acetylcysteine regulates glutamate levels and replenishes glutathione reserves, age-related oxidative stress in the brain is reduced and learning and memory capacity is improved. Dopamine function also appears to be improved. Cysteine and glutathione are essential for maintaining the immune system. The increase in the number of immune cells such as lymphocytes or macrophages can be achieved by NAC. Since adding NACH increases the glutathione level in the liver, it becomes easier for it to detoxify harmful substances and toxins. Further functions of NAC are part of research work.
Did you know?
By combining N-acetylcysteine with the amino acid glycine you get GlyNAC. This molecule was able to extend the life of mice by 24% in animal studies and in another study carried out by Prof Dr. Rajagopal Sekhar, the researchers were able to detect positive changes in the Hallmarks of Aging . Zb insulin resistance improved in the participants of the study.
Benefits of nutritional supplementation with N-acetylcysteine
As can be seen, N-acetylcysteine is a molecular jack-of-all-trades that offers many possible uses. In training and bodybuilding, NAC brings clear advantages that can benefit health and performance.
- Protection against oxidative stress and free radical damage
- Protecting the brain and promoting cognitive performance
- Improving liver function and facilitating detoxification
- Improving muscle regeneration
- Supports respiratory health and can improve lung function (particularly important when lifting heavy weights and strenuous exercise)
- Promotes muscle building and fat loss
- Regulates blood sugar levels
- Protects the kidneys
N-Acetylcysteine & Longevity
A 2018 study showed that NAC may play a potential role in longevity and stress resistance. This has been demonstrated in various models such as yeast, worms, flies and mice. In C elegans, a type of nematode, NAC increased both average lifespan (by 30.5%) and maximum lifespan (by 8 days).
